Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Assistant Prof. at Research Group of Environmental Engineering and Pollution Monitoring, Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development, RCESD, Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran.
2 Researcher, MSc of Financial Mathematics, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Global warming and consequently, the phenomenon of climate change is considered one of the most important environmental challenges of the last century, and as a result, the need for a global consensus to reduce its impacts is felt more than ever. In such a context, regulation in the field of climate change is very crucial. In this research, laws related to adaptation to climate change in developed countries have been analyzed from the perspective of thematic axes. Therefore, developed countries are first classified based on the Human Development Index (HDI). Then, climate change adaptation laws are categorized based on socio-ecological systems in the form of three systems of resources, actors, and governance, In the next step, the time and spatial trends of laws based on these systems and subsystems are analyzed. The results indicate that regulation in the field of adaptation to climate change in developed countries began in 1957 and continued until 2018, and the largest share belongs to the European continent. Also, the actor system has received more attention than the other two systems. The analysis of the subsystems shows that water, energy, and economy-wide subsystems are more important than other subsystems in each system. In addition, laws were passed in water, agriculture, and health subsystems earlier than others. Finally, it is shown that over time, the laws have included more comprehensive and broader goals and, on average, they have reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
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