Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Rcesd
2 Researcher, MSc of Financial Mathematics, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.
3 National Program Coordinator of Iran's GCF Readiness & Secretary of National Committee on Climate Change Financial Mechanisms Center for Air Pollution & Climate Change Environment Protection Organization
Abstract
This research examines the evolution and thematic structure of climate change mitigation laws in developed countries. Utilizing the Human Development Index to assess the developmental status of these nations, the study analyzes mitigation regulations extracted from a global database. These regulations are categorized into three primary systems: resources, actors, and governance, with 19 corresponding subsystems derived from the social-ecological systems framework.
Findings indicate that these thematic systems are integrated with three additional axes within the broader legal framework. From 1976 to the present, 59 developed countries, accounting for 62% of all mitigation laws and 40% of all climate change-related laws globally, have ratified 367 laws aimed at reducing GHG emissions. The majority of these laws were enacted after 2000, with Europe, particularly Germany, demonstrating the highest legislative activity with 20 enacted laws.
The analysis reveals a significant emphasis on the "actor" system, while the "waste," "energy," and "economy wide" subsystems are prioritized within the regulatory framework. Laws addressing waste, energy, urban and health have been enacted more frequently.
Over time, these laws have evolved to encompass broader goals, transitioning from isolated measures to the establishment of comprehensive national programs, strategies, and plans. This evolution includes the creation of dedicated funding mechanisms and the promotion of green initiatives. While these laws have contributed to GHG emission reduction, the extent of their impact varies, necessitating further research to quantify their effectiveness.
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