Analyzing the Relationship between Soil Temperature parameters of Meteorological stations of Kermanshah Province and Teleconnection Patterns

Mojarrad, Firuz; Ahmadi, Mohamad; Najafi, Rasul

doi:10.22077/jdcr.2025.8448.1085

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

² - PhD Graduated in Climatology, Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, and Climatology Expert, Kermanshah Provincial Meteorological Department, Kermanshah, Iran.

³ MSc Graduated in Climatology, Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22077/jdcr.2025.8448.1085

Abstract

In this study, soil temperature data from three meteorological stations in Kermanshah province and data from 16 Teleconnection indices were used to investigate the relationship between these two data sets. In the first step, soil layer temperature data over a 25-year period (1996-2020) was obtained from the General Meteorological Department of Kermanshah province, and data from Teleconnection indices were also obtained from the NOAA and BOM websites. Subsequently, monthly data from all indicators and station layer temperatures were categorized and evaluated in the form of a correlation matrix. Then, using multivariate parametric statistical methods and synoptic analysis, the relationship between the indices and soil temperature was investigated and interpreted. The findings of this study indicate the echo of the global warming trend in the soil temperature of the region. The water temperature indices of the sea areas of the Pars estuary, Caspian Sea, eastern Mediterranean, Red Sea and northern Indian Ocean had the highest correlation with soil temperature at all station depths. Among the classical indices, the highest positive correlation coefficient in all layers was obtained with the AMO index. Also, with the help of the factor analysis method, six main components were obtained from all the indices, and according to the factor loading criterion, the three most prominent components were named and revealed, respectively, as follows: the first component, water temperature of the sea areas of the region, the second component, water temperature of the northern Indian Ocean and the third component, water temperature of the northern Atlantic Ocean.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Climate change

References

Ahmadi-Givi, F., Parhiz-Gar, D., & Hijam, S. (2008). Study of the effect of ENSO on the seasonal precipitation distribution of Iran in the period 1971-2000, Physics of Earth and Space,. DOI:20.1001.1.2538371.1388.35.4.7.0

Ahmadi, M., Salimi, S., Hosseini, S. A., Poorantiyosh, H., & Bayat, A. (2019). Iran’s precipitation analysis using synoptic modeling of major teleconnection forces (MTF), Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 85, 41-56. DOI:10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2018.12.001

Alijani, B. (2002). Synoptic Climatology, First Edition, Tehran, Samt Publications. Alai Taleghani M. (2003). Geomorphology of Iran, Qoms Publications.

Asakereh, H., & Ashrafi, S. (2011). Modeling the Number of Annual Rainy Days Based on Relative Humidity and Annual Temperature of Zanjan, Sepehr Journal, 20(80), 13-18.

Behyar, M. & Kamali, G. (2007). The relationship between air temperature and surface temperature & different depths of soil, Geographical Research, 23(3), 81-102.

Bridgman, A., Howard, O., John, E. (2006). The global climate system patterns, processes, and teleconnections. Cambridge University Press. Chase, N., Apielke, S. & Avissar, R. (2005). Teleconnections in the Earth System, Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences. Edited by M. Anderson. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https:// doi.org/10.1002/0470848944.hsa190

Dayan, U., Nissen, K. & Ulbrich, U. (2016). Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean, Journal of the European Geosciences, 15, 525–544. https://doi. org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015

Ding, Q., & Wang, B. (2005). Circumglobal teleconnection in the Northern hemisphere summer, American meteorological society, Journal of climate, 18, 3483-3505. https://doi. org/10.1175/JCLI3473.1

Jahanbakhsh-Asl, S., Zeinali, B., RezaeiBonfash, M., & Babaian, I. (2012). The effect of the surface temperature of the Mediterranean Sea on the precipitation of the western half of Iran. Scientific Research Quarterly of the Iranian Geographical Society, 34, 177-161.

Khosh-Rafatar, F. (1998). The ENSO phenomenon and its effects on Iranian precipitation, Geographical Research, 51, 121-140. DOR: 20.1001.1.2538371.1388.35.4.7.0

Mojard, F., & Sadeghi, H. (2013). Studying the relationship between surface temperature and soil depth (case study of Kermanshah province), Natural Geographical Research, 45(1), 101-118.

Mansourfar, K. (2009). Advanced Statistical Methods with Computer Programs, Third Edition, Tehran University Press, pp. 254 and 261-260.

NazimoSadat, S. M. J. & Ghasemi, A. R. (2004). The effect of fluctuations in the Caspian Sea surface temperature on the winter and spring precipitation of the northern and southern regions of Iran, Agricultural Sciences and Technologies and Natural Resources, 8(4), 14. DOR:20.1001.1.24763594.1383.8.4.1.8

Mofidi A., & Zarrin-A. (2005). Synoptic analysis of the nature of Sudanese low-pressure systems, Quarterly Geographical Journal of the Land, Issue 6.

Nazari, S. & Daneshvar, S. (2013). Investigation of the vegetation cover of Zagros forests in Kermanshah province, National Conference on Zagros Environmental Hazards, Khorramabad. Akbari Hamid, Master’s thesis, Supervisor: Mir Mousavi, M.H., & Ahadi Nejad, M. (2012). https://civilica.com/doc/253540.

Helali J., Salimi S., Lotfi M., Hosseini S.A., Bayat A, Ahmadi M., & Naderi-Zadeh S. (2020) Investigation of the effect of large-scale atmospheric signals at different time lags on the autumn precipitation of Iran’s watersheds. Arab J Geoscience. 13(8),1–24, DOI:10.1007/s12517-020-05840-7

Helali, J., Momenzadeh, H. & Salimi, S. (2021). Synoptic-dynamic analysis of precipitation anomalies over Iran in different phases of ENSO. Arab J Geoscience 14, 2322. https://doi. org/10.1007/s12517-021-08644-5

Latif, M., Dommenget, D., Dima, M., & Grotzner, A. (1999). The Role of Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature in Forcing East African Rainfall Anomalies during December – January 1997/98, Journal of climate, 12, 3497-3509.

Quiring S. (2002). A Teleconnection Primer,p5 2002. http://geog.tamu.edu/~squiring/html/tele_ primer.htm

Rowell, D.. The impact of Mediterranean SSTs on the Sahelian rainfall season, Journal of Climate, 16, 849-862. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-04420849>016/:TIOMSO>2.0.CO;2

Schwing, F., Mendelssohn, B., Bograd, S., Overland, J., Wang, M. & Ito, S.I. (2009). Climate change, Teleconnection patterns, and regional processes forcing marine populations in the pacific, Journal of Marine Systems, 79, 245-257, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.11.027.

Rezaei B., Jahanbakhsh-Asl M., , Bayati-Khatibi S. & Zeinali M. (2009). Forecasting autumn and winter precipitation in the western half of Iran using Mediterranean SST in summer and autumn, Natural Geographical Research, 4, 62-47.

Ranjebar Saadatabadi, A. & Izadi, P. (2013). Relationship between Water Surface Temperature Anomalies of the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea and Precipitation Anomalies of the Southern Half of Iran, Physics of Earth and Space, 39(4), 135-157. DOI: 10.22059/jesphys.2013.35986.

Uvo, CB., Repelli, CA., Zebiak, SE. & Kushnir, Y. (1998). The monthly patterns of northeast Brazil (NEB) precipitation are analyzed about sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical pacific and Atlantic Oceans, using singular value decomposition, Journal of climate, 11, 551-562. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<0551:TRBTPA>2.0.CO;2.

Wang, Y., Chen, W., Zhang, J. & Nath, D. (2013). Relationship between soil temperature in may over Northwest China and the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation, Journal of Meteorological Research, 27, 716–724. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s13351-013-0505-0.

Xue, J., Li, J. & Sun, C. (2018). Decadal-scale teleconnection between South Atlantic SST and southeast Australia surface air temperature in austral summer. Clim Dyn 50, 2687–2703. https:// doi.org/10.1007 / s00382-017-3764-0

Yuan, Y., Zhou, W., Johnny, C., Chan, L., & Li, C. (2008). Impacts of the basin-wide Indian Ocean SSTA on the South China Sea summer monsoon onset 2008, International Journal of Climatology, 28, 1579-1587. DOI:10.1002/joc.1671.

Journal of Drought and Climate change Research

Analyzing the Relationship between Soil Temperature parameters of Meteorological stations of Kermanshah Province and Teleconnection Patterns

References

References

Volume 3, Issue 1 - Serial Number 9
June 2025
Pages 39-62

Analyzing the Relationship between Soil Temperature parameters of Meteorological stations of Kermanshah Province and Teleconnection Patterns

References

References

Volume 3, Issue 1 - Serial Number 9June 2025Pages 39-62

Volume 3, Issue 1 - Serial Number 9
June 2025
Pages 39-62