Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Department of Water engineering. Lorestan university, Khorramabad, Iran.
2 Department of water engineering, Faculty of agriculture, Shahrekord university, Shahrekord , Iran.
Abstract
This research examines sodium removability from agricultural wastewater using sugarcane bagasse sorbents, which helps ease the pressure on water resources during droughts. The biochar was produced in an electric furnace, activated with KOH, microwave-heated, and magnetized using a 2:1 ratio of Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate to Iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate. Three KOH-to-biochar ratios, microwave powers, and activation times were used, while sodium concentrations in wastewater samples were adjusted to 2, 4, and 8 g/l with sodium nitrate. Results indicated that higher initial sodium concentrations improved removability. Activated nano biochar achieved 74.4% more sodium removal than non-nano biochar on average. Magnetization reduced sodium removal by an average of 18.8%, with reductions ranging from 10.9% to 31.6%. The activated nano biochar's removability was 1.6 times greater than that of the non-activated version, and magnetization decreased efficiency by 20%. The highest sodium removal occurred at a 3:1 activator-to-biochar ratio during the 200 and 400 W treatments, achieving maximum removability of 61.4% for activated nano biochar and 58.3% for the magnetized version.
Keywords
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