Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering and Pollution Monitoring, Research Center for Environment and Sus tainable Development, RCESD, Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran.
2 MSc Graduated, Department of Financial Mathematics, Faculty of Statistics, Mathematics and Computer, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.
3 MSc Graduated, Department of Financial Mathematics, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Iran and Afghanistan have a long history of facing climate hazards, leading to extensive damages to life, the environment, and economies. This research conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis of their long-term climate conditions on a national scale.Future climate scenarios based on IPCC6AR were projected to understand climatic similarities between the two nations. The results showed that recent years experienced the highest average temperatures in both countries, with significant changes occurring between 1991 and 2020 within the past 80 years. Monthly average temperatures over the last 80, 50, and 30 years exhibited a consistent upward trend, with the last decade being the warmest. Regarding precipitation patterns, the research revealed significant distribution changes in the last 80 years, particularly during 1951-1980 and 1971-2000 in Iran and Afghanistan, respectively. The study also examined natural hazards statistics resulting from climate change, including event frequency and the number of affected individuals over the past 40 years in both countries. The research emphasized preserving and revitalizing wetlands as an effective triple strategy to address climate change impacts in both countries. Given their shared exposure to climate change, conserving and restoration the Hamoun wetlands is crucial. Additionally, involving third parties in international discussions about wetlands or climate change can help resolve disputes.In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of understanding historical climate conditions and potential future scenarios for Iran and Afghanistan.
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