نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار گروه معماری، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران.
چکیده
این پژوهش به مقایسه تأثیر درختان در آسایش حرارتی عابران پیاده در معابر شهری دارای درخت و بدون درخت میپردازد. این پژوهش به روش پیمایشی و میدانی به بررسی اثر حذف درختان کهنسال و پوشش گیاهی(شمشاد، چمنها و بوتههای گل) بر آسایش حرارتی عابران در چهار خیابان شهر ایلام پرداخت. جامعه آماری شامل ۳۸۴ نفر(هر معبر 96 نفر) است که به روش نمونهگیری ساده تصادفی انتخاب شدند. دادهها با استفاده از پرسشنامه استاندارد ASHRAE-55 امریکا برای ارزیابی ذهنی احساس آسایش حرارتی و ابزارهای دیتالاگر MIC98586 برای ثبت متغیرهای اقلیمی، Fluke 975 Air Meter برای ثبت مقادیر غلظتCO₂ و دماسنج لیزری TES1326 برای ثبت دمای سطح پوست جمعآوری شد. سپس دادهها با استفاده از همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون خطی چندمتغیره در نرمافزار SPSS27 تحلیل شدند تا ارتباط بین متغیرهای اقلیمی و احساس آسایش حرارتی بررسی شود. یافتهها نشان داد میانگین و انحراف معیار وضعیت احساس آسایش حرارتی عابران برای خیابانهای بدون درخت طالقانی و سمندری به ترتیب ۰٫۵۲ ± ۰٫۰۴۹ و ۱٫۶۷ ± ۰٫۷۴۵، و برای خیابانهای با درخت پاسداران غربی و پاسداران شرقی-واسطی به ترتیب برابر با ۱٫۴۳ ± ۰٫۱۲۵ و ۱٫۵۴ ± ۰٫۳۲۵ است. نتایج نشان داد وجود پوشش گیاهی و درختان در جداره معابر شهری به دلیل خاصیت واکنش پذیری پایدار محیطی نقش مهمی در کاهش بحران حرارتی و جزیره حرارتی گرمایی شهر و جلوگیری از تغییر وضعیت آسایش حرارتی در خرد اقلیم های شهری دارد.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
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Aghamolaei, R., Fallahpour, M., & Mirzaei, PA. (2021). Tempo-spatial thermal comfort analysis of urban heat island with coupling of CFD and building energy simulation. Energy Build . 251, 111317. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111317
An, S M., Kim, B., Lee, HY., Yi, CY., Joshi, N., & Wende, W. (2024). Views Rather than Radiosity: A Study on Urban Cover View Factor Mapping and Utilization. Remote Sensing. 16(24), 4618. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244618
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55. (2020). Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA.
Asgari, M., Etemad, V., Ahmadali, K., Abdi, E., Zare, S., & Javanmiripour, M. (2024). Determining the water requirement of Tehran pine and bitter olive species at different growth ages under drought stress conditions. Journal of Drought and Climate Change Research. 2(1), 59-. [In Persian]. doi: 10.22077/jdcr.2024.7076.1056
Azmoudeh, M. (2021). How plants function in adjusting parameters affecting thermal comfort in urban space. Research example: Urban green wall in Tehran. Geography and Environmental Planning. 32(3), 67-80 . [In Pesian]
Azmoudeh, M., &Heydari, S. (2017). The effect of urban green walls on reducing microclimate temperatures and the urban heat island effect. Environmental Science and Technology. 5(19), 597-606 . [In Persian]
Blau, ML., Luz, F., & Panagopoulos, T. (2018). Urban river recovery inspired by nature-based solutions and biophilic design in Albufeira, Portugal. Land. 7:141. https://doi.org/10.3390/land7040141
Cai, B., Shao, Z., Fang, S., & Huang, X. (2022). Quantifying Dynamic Coupling Coordination Degree of Human–Environmental Interactions During Urban–Rural Land Transitions of China. Land. 11(3), 935. doi:10.3390/land11060935.
Cascone, S., &Gagliano, A. (2022). Recycled agricultural plastic waste as green roof drainage layer within the perspective of ecological transition for the built environment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 380,135032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135032
Chen, Y., Feng, X., Tian, H., Wu, X., Gao, Z., & Feng, Y.etal. (2021). “Accelerated Increase in Vegetation Carbon Sequestration in China After 2010: A Turning Point Resulting from Climate and Human Interaction. Global Change Biology. 27 (22), 5848–5864. doi:10.1111/gcb.15854.
Chun, C., & Tamura, A. (2005) Thermal comfort in urban transitional spaces. Building and Environment. 40(5), 633-639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.08.001
Detommaso, M., Gagliano, A., Marletta, L., & Nocera, F. (2021). Sustainable Urban Greening and Cooling Strategies for Thermal Comfort at Pedestrian Level. Sustainability. 13(6), 3138. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063138
Dlamini, S., Tesfamichael, S G., Breetzke, G D., & Mokhele T. (2021). “Spatio-Temporal Patterns and Changes in Environmental Attitudes and Place Attachmen.t in Gauteng, South Africa. Geo-Spatial Information Science. 24 (4): 666–677. doi:10.1080/10095020.2021.1976599
Fabbri, K., Ugolini, A., Iacovella, A., & Bianchi, A P. (2020). The effect of vegetation in outdoor thermal comfort in archaeological area in urban context Build. Environ. 175,106816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106816
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Fan, L., Zhao, M., Huo, J., Sha, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2025). The Impact of Vegetation Layouts on Thermal Comfort in Urban Main Streets: A Case Study of Youth Street in Shenyang. Sustainability. 17(4), 1755. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041755
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aFatahi, K., nasrullahi, N., ansarimanesh, M., khodakarami, J., & emranipour, A. (2021). Investigating the role of geometry and type of urban open space on thermal comfort and environmental quality (Case study: Kashan historical part). Motaleate Shahri. 10(39), 69-82. [In Persian]. doi: 10.34785/J011.2021.138
Fatahi, K., & Beigi, M. (2024). Assessing the state of cognitive performance of employees and determining the range of thermal comfort of different genders in Ilam hospitals. Tkj. 16 (3), 27-41.(In Persian) URL: http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1324-fa.html
bFatahi, K., Nasrollahi, N., & Ansarimanesh, M.etal. (2021) Comparison of Thermal Comfort Range of Finn Garden and Historical texture of Kashan. Naqshejahan. 11 (1), 53-63. [In Persian].
Ghaffarianhoseini, A., Berardi, U., Ghaffarianhoseini, A., & Al-Obaidi, K. (2019). Analyzing the thermal comfort conditions of outdoor spaces in a university campus in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Sci. Total Environ. 666, 1327–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.284
Guan, X., Shen, H., Li, X., Gan, W., & Zhang, L. (2019). A Long-Term and Comprehensive Assessment of the Urbanization-Induced Impacts on Vegetation Net Primary Productivity. The Science of the Total Environ. 669, 342–352. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.361
Hashemin, S A., Zarkesh, A., Higueras Garcia, E., & Suzanchi, K. (2022) Effect of tree planting design on human thermal comfort at microclimate scale; Case study: Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University. Naqshejahan. 12 (2), 138-158. [In Persian]. URL: http://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-61858-en.html
Jamei, E., & Rajagopalan, P. (2017) Urban development and pedestrian thermal comfort in Melbourne. Sol Energy . 144, 681–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.01.023
Jia, F., Cao, Y., Gao, W., Yao, W., Meng, X., & Wang, C.etal. (2024). A new quantitative method for evaluating the impact of garden greening on outdoor thermal environment in summer - A case study of Japanese residential gardens. Sustainable Cities and Society.117, 105962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105962
Ka-Lun Lau, k., & Yin Choi, C.(2021) The influence of perceived aesthetic and acoustic quality on outdoor thermal comfort in urban environment. Building and Environment. 206, 108333. DOI:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108333
Lai, D., Liu, W., Gan, T., Liu, K., & Chen, Q.(2019) A review of mitigating strategies to improve the thermal environment and thermal comfort in urban outdoor spaces. Science of The Total Environment.661, 337-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.062
Lindenmayer, D B., Laurance, W. F., Franklin, J. F., Likens, G. E., Banks, S. C., Blanchard, W, etal. (2014). New policies for old trees: averting a global crisis in a keystone ecological structure. Conservation Letters. 7(1), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12013
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Liu, Y., Yu, Z., Song, Y., Yu, X., Zhang, J., & Song, D. (2024). Psychological influence of sky view factor and green view index on daytime thermal comfort of pedestrians in Shanghai. Urban Climate.56, 102014. doi: 10.22108/gep.2021.128810.1424
bLiu, H., Lim, J Y., Thet, BWH., Lai, PY., & Koh, WS .(2022). Evaluating the impact of tree morphologies and planting densities on outdoor thermal comfort in tropical residential precincts in Singapore . Building and Environment.221, 109268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109268
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Meili, N., Acero, J A., Peleg, N., Manoli, G., Burlando. P., & Fatichi, S.(2021) Vegetation cover and plant-trait effects on outdoor thermal comfort in a tropical city. Building and Environment. 195, 107733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107733Get rights and content
Mohite, S., & Surawar, M.(2024) Impact of urban street geometry on outdoor pedestrian thermal comfort during heatwave in Nagpur city. Sustainable Cities and Society.108, 105450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105450
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Picot, X.(2004) Thermal comfort in urban spaces: impact of vegetation growth: Case study: Piazza della Scienza, Milan, Italy. Energy and Buildings. 36(4), 329-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.01.044
Quadros, B.M., & Mizgier, M.G.O.(2023). Urban green infrastructures to improve pedestrian thermal comfort: A systematic review. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening.88, 128091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2023.128091
Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W. D., Romero-Lankao, P., Mehrotra, S., Dhakal, S., & Ibrahim, S. A. .et al.( 2018). Climate Change and Cities: Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network (Cambridge University Press)
Sachs, J D., Schmidt-Traub, G., Mazzucato, M., Messner, D., Nakicenovi, c N., & Rockström, J. (2019). “Six Transformations to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Sustainability .2 (9), 805–814. doi:10.1038/s41893-019-0352-9.
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Aghamolaei, R., Fallahpour, M., & Mirzaei, PA. (2021). Tempo-spatial thermal comfort analysis of urban heat island with coupling of CFD and building energy simulation. Energy Build . 251, 111317. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111317
An, S M., Kim, B., Lee, HY., Yi, CY., Joshi, N., & Wende, W. (2024). Views Rather than Radiosity: A Study on Urban Cover View Factor Mapping and Utilization. Remote Sensing. 16(24), 4618. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244618
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55. (2020). Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA.
Asgari, M., Etemad, V., Ahmadali, K., Abdi, E., Zare, S., & Javanmiripour, M. (2024). Determining the water requirement of Tehran pine and bitter olive species at different growth ages under drought stress conditions. Journal of Drought and Climate Change Research. 2(1), 59-. [In Persian]. doi: 10.22077/jdcr.2024.7076.1056
Azmoudeh, M. (2021). How plants function in adjusting parameters affecting thermal comfort in urban space. Research example: Urban green wall in Tehran. Geography and Environmental Planning. 32(3), 67-80 . [In Pesian]
Azmoudeh, M., &Heydari, S. (2017). The effect of urban green walls on reducing microclimate temperatures and the urban heat island effect. Environmental Science and Technology. 5(19), 597-606 . [In Persian]
Blau, ML., Luz, F., & Panagopoulos, T. (2018). Urban river recovery inspired by nature-based solutions and biophilic design in Albufeira, Portugal. Land. 7:141. https://doi.org/10.3390/land7040141
Cai, B., Shao, Z., Fang, S., & Huang, X. (2022). Quantifying Dynamic Coupling Coordination Degree of Human–Environmental Interactions During Urban–Rural Land Transitions of China. Land. 11(3), 935. doi:10.3390/land11060935.
Cascone, S., &Gagliano, A. (2022). Recycled agricultural plastic waste as green roof drainage layer within the perspective of ecological transition for the built environment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 380,135032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135032
Chen, Y., Feng, X., Tian, H., Wu, X., Gao, Z., & Feng, Y.etal. (2021). “Accelerated Increase in Vegetation Carbon Sequestration in China After 2010: A Turning Point Resulting from Climate and Human Interaction. Global Change Biology. 27 (22), 5848–5864. doi:10.1111/gcb.15854.
Chun, C., & Tamura, A. (2005) Thermal comfort in urban transitional spaces. Building and Environment. 40(5), 633-639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.08.001
Detommaso, M., Gagliano, A., Marletta, L., & Nocera, F. (2021). Sustainable Urban Greening and Cooling Strategies for Thermal Comfort at Pedestrian Level. Sustainability. 13(6), 3138. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063138
Dlamini, S., Tesfamichael, S G., Breetzke, G D., & Mokhele T. (2021). “Spatio-Temporal Patterns and Changes in Environmental Attitudes and Place Attachmen.t in Gauteng, South Africa. Geo-Spatial Information Science. 24 (4): 666–677. doi:10.1080/10095020.2021.1976599
Fabbri, K., Ugolini, A., Iacovella, A., & Bianchi, A P. (2020). The effect of vegetation in outdoor thermal comfort in archaeological area in urban context Build. Environ. 175,106816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106816
Fakhri, M. (2024). Study of the temperature changes in Iran compared to the past long-term climate standard period. Journal of Drought and Climate Change Research. 2(3), 17-32. [In Persian] doi: 10.22077/jdcr.2024.7392.1062
Fan, L., Zhao, M., Huo, J., Sha, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2025). The Impact of Vegetation Layouts on Thermal Comfort in Urban Main Streets: A Case Study of Youth Street in Shenyang. Sustainability. 17(4), 1755. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041755
Farzaneh, M., & Bani Mustafa Arab, F. (2023). Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation Laws in Developed Countries. Journal of Drought and Climate Change Research. 1(1), 49-70. [In Persian] doi: 10.22077/jdcr.2023.6024.1009
aFatahi, K., nasrullahi, N., ansarimanesh, M., khodakarami, J., & emranipour, A. (2021). Investigating the role of geometry and type of urban open space on thermal comfort and environmental quality (Case study: Kashan historical part). Motaleate Shahri. 10(39), 69-82. [In Persian]. doi: 10.34785/J011.2021.138
Fatahi, K., & Beigi, M. (2024). Assessing the state of cognitive performance of employees and determining the range of thermal comfort of different genders in Ilam hospitals. Tkj. 16 (3), 27-41.(In Persian) URL: http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1324-fa.html
bFatahi, K., Nasrollahi, N., & Ansarimanesh, M.etal. (2021) Comparison of Thermal Comfort Range of Finn Garden and Historical texture of Kashan. Naqshejahan. 11 (1), 53-63. [In Persian].
Ghaffarianhoseini, A., Berardi, U., Ghaffarianhoseini, A., & Al-Obaidi, K. (2019). Analyzing the thermal comfort conditions of outdoor spaces in a university campus in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Sci. Total Environ. 666, 1327–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.284
Guan, X., Shen, H., Li, X., Gan, W., & Zhang, L. (2019). A Long-Term and Comprehensive Assessment of the Urbanization-Induced Impacts on Vegetation Net Primary Productivity. The Science of the Total Environ. 669, 342–352. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.361
Hashemin, S A., Zarkesh, A., Higueras Garcia, E., & Suzanchi, K. (2022) Effect of tree planting design on human thermal comfort at microclimate scale; Case study: Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University. Naqshejahan. 12 (2), 138-158. [In Persian]. URL: http://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-61858-en.html
Jamei, E., & Rajagopalan, P. (2017) Urban development and pedestrian thermal comfort in Melbourne. Sol Energy . 144, 681–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.01.023
Jia, F., Cao, Y., Gao, W., Yao, W., Meng, X., & Wang, C.etal. (2024). A new quantitative method for evaluating the impact of garden greening on outdoor thermal environment in summer - A case study of Japanese residential gardens. Sustainable Cities and Society.117, 105962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105962
Ka-Lun Lau, k., & Yin Choi, C.(2021) The influence of perceived aesthetic and acoustic quality on outdoor thermal comfort in urban environment. Building and Environment. 206, 108333. DOI:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108333
Lai, D., Liu, W., Gan, T., Liu, K., & Chen, Q.(2019) A review of mitigating strategies to improve the thermal environment and thermal comfort in urban outdoor spaces. Science of The Total Environment.661, 337-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.062
Lindenmayer, D B., Laurance, W. F., Franklin, J. F., Likens, G. E., Banks, S. C., Blanchard, W, etal. (2014). New policies for old trees: averting a global crisis in a keystone ecological structure. Conservation Letters. 7(1), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12013
aLiu, X., Ming, Y., & Liu, Y., et al. (2022) Influences of landform and urban form factors on urban heat island: comparative case study between Chengdu and Chongqing. Sci Total Environ. 820, 153395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153395
Liu, Y., Yu, Z., Song, Y., Yu, X., Zhang, J., & Song, D. (2024). Psychological influence of sky view factor and green view index on daytime thermal comfort of pedestrians in Shanghai. Urban Climate.56, 102014. doi: 10.22108/gep.2021.128810.1424
bLiu, H., Lim, J Y., Thet, BWH., Lai, PY., & Koh, WS .(2022). Evaluating the impact of tree morphologies and planting densities on outdoor thermal comfort in tropical residential precincts in Singapore . Building and Environment.221, 109268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109268
Lotfi, S,. Saadatnia, M A., Moradian, M H., & Poursartip, L. (2020). Investigation of biomechanical properties of black pine using stress wave and resistography techniques. Iranian Wood and Paper Science Research. 36(2), 144-156. [In Persian]. doi: 10.22092/ijwpr.2021.352921.1652
Meili, N., Acero, J A., Peleg, N., Manoli, G., Burlando. P., & Fatichi, S.(2021) Vegetation cover and plant-trait effects on outdoor thermal comfort in a tropical city. Building and Environment. 195, 107733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107733Get rights and content
Mohite, S., & Surawar, M.(2024) Impact of urban street geometry on outdoor pedestrian thermal comfort during heatwave in Nagpur city. Sustainable Cities and Society.108, 105450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105450
Monjezi, N M., & Moghadam, A E. (2021) Investigating the PMV Index in Thermal Comfort of Urban Open Spaces in Summer Case Study: Pedestrian Walkway Near the River, Khorramabad, Lorestan. Scientific Journal Urban Design Discourse .2(3),19-41. [In Persian] .URL: http://udd.modares.ac.ir/article-40-58440-en.html
Perini, K., & Magliocco, A.(2014) Effects of vegetation, urban density, building height, and atmospheric conditions on local temperatures and thermal comfort. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 13(3), 495-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2014.03.003
Picot, X.(2004) Thermal comfort in urban spaces: impact of vegetation growth: Case study: Piazza della Scienza, Milan, Italy. Energy and Buildings. 36(4), 329-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.01.044
Quadros, B.M., & Mizgier, M.G.O.(2023). Urban green infrastructures to improve pedestrian thermal comfort: A systematic review. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening.88, 128091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2023.128091
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