University of Birjand-Research Group of Drought and Climate ChangeJournal of Drought and Climate change Research3092-60763120250522The Effect of Biological and Organic Fertilizers on the Survival and Growth of Eucalyptus and Mofid Hybrid Poplar Seedlings in an Arid RegionThe Effect of Biological and Organic Fertilizers on the Survival and Growth of Eucalyptus and Mofid Hybrid Poplar Seedlings in an Arid Region116308410.22077/jdcr.2024.7756.1070FAHaniehShahghobadiPhD student, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran. Karaj, Iran.SanamSharifi TabeshMSc graduate, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran. Karaj, Iran.VahidEtemadAssociate Professor, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran. Karaj, Iran.MohsenJavanmiri PourAssistant Professor, Forest and Rangeland Research and Education Department, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in Kermanshah Province, Agricultural Extension Research and Education Organization, Kermanshah, Iran.AoushirvanShirvanyAssociate Professor, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran. Karaj, Iran.MohammadMatinizadehAssociate Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Ranges, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20240611300 seedlings of Eucalyptus and 300 seedlings of useful hybrid Poplar were planted in the lands of Pars Paper Industries Company located around Shush County in Khuzestan Province. Eucalyptus and useful hybrid Poplar seedlings were planted in completely randomized block design with three different treatments including animal manure, mycorrhiza, processed fertilizer, and control treatment with a spacing of 3×3 meters, with three replications, and in each replication, 25 seedlings were planted in plots with an area of 225 m<sup>2</sup>. Approximately one hectare in a way that there was a four-meter distance between each adjacent plot. After planting the seedlings, the first step was to measure quantitative characteristics including collar diameter (with millimeter precision) using calipers and seedling height using a Bloom Lays device (with centimeter precision). After the end of the first growth period, annual measurements were repeated. The duration of the research is 3 years. In Eucalyptus, the bio-fertilizer treatments had a 100% survival rate, whereas in the control treatment, 97.3% of the seedlings survived. In useful hybrid Poplar, the highest survival rate belonged to the mycorrhiza treatment with 94.7%, while the processed fertilizer treatment had the lowest survival rate (80%). Comparing the mean collar diameter growth for the useful hybrid Poplar species indicated a significant difference at the 5% level. The maximum collar diameter growth was observed in the animal manure treatment (72.2 mm), while the minimum was recorded in the control treatment (22.2 mm).300 seedlings of Eucalyptus and 300 seedlings of useful hybrid Poplar were planted in the lands of Pars Paper Industries Company located around Shush County in Khuzestan Province. Eucalyptus and useful hybrid Poplar seedlings were planted in completely randomized block design with three different treatments including animal manure, mycorrhiza, processed fertilizer, and control treatment with a spacing of 3×3 meters, with three replications, and in each replication, 25 seedlings were planted in plots with an area of 225 m<sup>2</sup>. Approximately one hectare in a way that there was a four-meter distance between each adjacent plot. After planting the seedlings, the first step was to measure quantitative characteristics including collar diameter (with millimeter precision) using calipers and seedling height using a Bloom Lays device (with centimeter precision). After the end of the first growth period, annual measurements were repeated. The duration of the research is 3 years. In Eucalyptus, the bio-fertilizer treatments had a 100% survival rate, whereas in the control treatment, 97.3% of the seedlings survived. In useful hybrid Poplar, the highest survival rate belonged to the mycorrhiza treatment with 94.7%, while the processed fertilizer treatment had the lowest survival rate (80%). Comparing the mean collar diameter growth for the useful hybrid Poplar species indicated a significant difference at the 5% level. The maximum collar diameter growth was observed in the animal manure treatment (72.2 mm), while the minimum was recorded in the control treatment (22.2 mm).https://jdcr.birjand.ac.ir/article_3084_1706f191d760c78dfcec5012e43b6714.pdfUniversity of Birjand-Research Group of Drought and Climate ChangeJournal of Drought and Climate change Research3092-60763120250522Investigating the Impact of Climate Change on the Aridity in Iran with Population Exposure ApproachInvestigating the Impact of Climate Change on the Aridity in Iran with Population Exposure Approach1738318010.22077/jdcr.2024.8258.1079FAHadiRamezani EtedaliProfessor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.0000-0002-4840-0201SakineKoohi2. PhD student of water resources engineering, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.0000-0002-0118-795XJournal Article20241010Aridity stands as significant and impactful consequence of climate change. Precise monitoring and assessment of variations in aridity exposure are crucial for helping planners and policymakers formulate effective management strategies to mitigate adverse effects and adapt to evolving conditions. Therefore, this study has been conducted to assess the impact of climate change on aridity in Iran by examining the population exposed to varying intensities of aridity under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The findings from the base period reveal that the climatic outputs derived from the integration of climate models in the CMIP6 demonstrate a high level of efficiency in simulating changes in precipitation, as well as average and maximum temperatures across the country. Additionally, an analysis of the climatic conditions during the base period shows that approximately 90% of the studied stations fall within semi-arid to very arid conditions, according to both aridity indices. Furthermore, the examination of climate change impacts on aridity under the SSP2-4.5 scenario for the period between 2025 and 2036 suggests a trend towards drier conditions in provinces located in the northwest, west, and southwest. Similarly, the results under the SSP5-8.5 scenario indicate the emergence of extremely dry conditions across a substantial portion of the country, particularly in central, southern, eastern, and northwestern regions. The analysis of populations affected by varying aridity intensities reveals an increase in the number of people living under dry and semi-arid climatic conditions in the southern, eastern, western, and central regions of the country compared to the baseline.Aridity stands as significant and impactful consequence of climate change. Precise monitoring and assessment of variations in aridity exposure are crucial for helping planners and policymakers formulate effective management strategies to mitigate adverse effects and adapt to evolving conditions. Therefore, this study has been conducted to assess the impact of climate change on aridity in Iran by examining the population exposed to varying intensities of aridity under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The findings from the base period reveal that the climatic outputs derived from the integration of climate models in the CMIP6 demonstrate a high level of efficiency in simulating changes in precipitation, as well as average and maximum temperatures across the country. Additionally, an analysis of the climatic conditions during the base period shows that approximately 90% of the studied stations fall within semi-arid to very arid conditions, according to both aridity indices. Furthermore, the examination of climate change impacts on aridity under the SSP2-4.5 scenario for the period between 2025 and 2036 suggests a trend towards drier conditions in provinces located in the northwest, west, and southwest. Similarly, the results under the SSP5-8.5 scenario indicate the emergence of extremely dry conditions across a substantial portion of the country, particularly in central, southern, eastern, and northwestern regions. The analysis of populations affected by varying aridity intensities reveals an increase in the number of people living under dry and semi-arid climatic conditions in the southern, eastern, western, and central regions of the country compared to the baseline.https://jdcr.birjand.ac.ir/article_3180_c20a7ce2a627ba838cfbff082db35197.pdfUniversity of Birjand-Research Group of Drought and Climate ChangeJournal of Drought and Climate change Research3092-60763120250522Analyzing the Relationship between Soil Temperature parameters of Meteorological stations of Kermanshah Province and Teleconnection PatternsAnalyzing the Relationship between Soil Temperature parameters of Meteorological stations of Kermanshah Province and Teleconnection Patterns3962326510.22077/jdcr.2025.8448.1085FAFiruzMojarradAssociate Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.MohamadAhmadi- PhD Graduated in Climatology, Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, and Climatology Expert, Kermanshah Provincial Meteorological Department, Kermanshah, Iran.RasulNajafiMSc Graduated in Climatology, Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.Journal Article20241119In this study, soil temperature data from three meteorological stations in Kermanshah province and data from 16 Teleconnection indices were used to investigate the relationship between these two data sets. In the first step, soil layer temperature data over a 25-year period (1996-2020) was obtained from the General Meteorological Department of Kermanshah province, and data from Teleconnection indices were also obtained from the NOAA and BOM websites. Subsequently, monthly data from all indicators and station layer temperatures were categorized and evaluated in the form of a correlation matrix. Then, using multivariate parametric statistical methods and synoptic analysis, the relationship between the indices and soil temperature was investigated and interpreted. The findings of this study indicate the echo of the global warming trend in the soil temperature of the region. The water temperature indices of the sea areas of the Pars estuary, Caspian Sea, eastern Mediterranean, Red Sea and northern Indian Ocean had the highest correlation with soil temperature at all station depths. Among the classical indices, the highest positive correlation coefficient in all layers was obtained with the AMO index. Also, with the help of the factor analysis method, six main components were obtained from all the indices, and according to the factor loading criterion, the three most prominent components were named and revealed, respectively, as follows: the first component, water temperature of the sea areas of the region, the second component, water temperature of the northern Indian Ocean and the third component, water temperature of the northern Atlantic Ocean.In this study, soil temperature data from three meteorological stations in Kermanshah province and data from 16 Teleconnection indices were used to investigate the relationship between these two data sets. In the first step, soil layer temperature data over a 25-year period (1996-2020) was obtained from the General Meteorological Department of Kermanshah province, and data from Teleconnection indices were also obtained from the NOAA and BOM websites. Subsequently, monthly data from all indicators and station layer temperatures were categorized and evaluated in the form of a correlation matrix. Then, using multivariate parametric statistical methods and synoptic analysis, the relationship between the indices and soil temperature was investigated and interpreted. The findings of this study indicate the echo of the global warming trend in the soil temperature of the region. The water temperature indices of the sea areas of the Pars estuary, Caspian Sea, eastern Mediterranean, Red Sea and northern Indian Ocean had the highest correlation with soil temperature at all station depths. Among the classical indices, the highest positive correlation coefficient in all layers was obtained with the AMO index. Also, with the help of the factor analysis method, six main components were obtained from all the indices, and according to the factor loading criterion, the three most prominent components were named and revealed, respectively, as follows: the first component, water temperature of the sea areas of the region, the second component, water temperature of the northern Indian Ocean and the third component, water temperature of the northern Atlantic Ocean.https://jdcr.birjand.ac.ir/article_3265_f4334c131c781e2a6f0a5e34814c8147.pdfUniversity of Birjand-Research Group of Drought and Climate ChangeJournal of Drought and Climate change Research3092-60763120250522Feasibility Study of the Cultivation Change from Agronomy to Medicinal Plants in Drought Conditions: the Case of Margoon RegionFeasibility Study of the Cultivation Change from Agronomy to Medicinal Plants in Drought Conditions: the Case of Margoon Region6382320910.22077/jdcr.2025.8474.1086FASeyed AbitalebMousavi MoayyedMSc. Graduated in Agricultural Extension, Department of Rural Development Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.MehdiNooripoorProfessor, Department of Rural Development Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.0000-0003-0315-2141MaryamSharifzadehAssociate Professor, Department of Rural Development Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, IranMaryamAfereydouniPhD. Student of Agricultural Development, Department of Rural Development Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.Journal Article20241123This research aimed to evaluate the feasibility of changing the cultivation from agriculture to medicinal plants in the Margoon region of Kohgilouyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. This research was conducted in two stages. The statistical population of the first and second stages included the farmers of the Agricultural Jihad of Kohgilouyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces and the agricultural operators of the Margoon region, respectively. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that its validity and reliability were verified previously. The sampling technique of the first stage was purposeful and the second stage was completely random. Participants in the first stage were 15 people and in the second stage, the sample size was 145 people. The results of the first stage of the research showed that among the six medicinal plants of Thyme, Bon-Sorkh, Rose, Anguze, Shallot and Saffron, Anguze is the most suitable medicinal plant for cultivation in Margoon region. The results of the second stage, showed that the ability to see was in a suitable condition. In relation to characteristics such as relative advantage, adaptability, testability, it should be mentioned that the existing conditions are at the minimum expected (desirable) level, and therefore, it is possible to change cultivation in terms of these cases. Finally, in terms of complexity, there was no favorable situation and the current situation was beyond the expectations of the respondents. According to the results, it was suggested that educational and extension classes, visits model farms and talk to progressives could be useful.This research aimed to evaluate the feasibility of changing the cultivation from agriculture to medicinal plants in the Margoon region of Kohgilouyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. This research was conducted in two stages. The statistical population of the first and second stages included the farmers of the Agricultural Jihad of Kohgilouyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces and the agricultural operators of the Margoon region, respectively. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that its validity and reliability were verified previously. The sampling technique of the first stage was purposeful and the second stage was completely random. Participants in the first stage were 15 people and in the second stage, the sample size was 145 people. The results of the first stage of the research showed that among the six medicinal plants of Thyme, Bon-Sorkh, Rose, Anguze, Shallot and Saffron, Anguze is the most suitable medicinal plant for cultivation in Margoon region. The results of the second stage, showed that the ability to see was in a suitable condition. In relation to characteristics such as relative advantage, adaptability, testability, it should be mentioned that the existing conditions are at the minimum expected (desirable) level, and therefore, it is possible to change cultivation in terms of these cases. Finally, in terms of complexity, there was no favorable situation and the current situation was beyond the expectations of the respondents. According to the results, it was suggested that educational and extension classes, visits model farms and talk to progressives could be useful.https://jdcr.birjand.ac.ir/article_3209_1271a7029c9df08643b631b02cf9e116.pdfUniversity of Birjand-Research Group of Drought and Climate ChangeJournal of Drought and Climate change Research3092-60763120250522Meteorological Drought Risk Monitoring and Zoning Using Random Forest ModelMeteorological Drought Risk Monitoring and Zoning Using Random Forest Model8394323810.22077/jdcr.2025.8551.1093FAAhmadHajarianPhD in Geography and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.0000-0003-4487-3586Journal Article20241213Drought is a natural phenomenon that can occur in any climate and its harmful effects are much wider and deeper than other natural disasters. This natural phenomenon is considered one of the most harmful and economically, socially, physically and environmentally harmful natural disasters. This study was conducted with the aim of predicting and preparing a hazard map, identifying sensitive areas for sustainable development that reduces risks and enhances resilience. In this study, the layers of precipitation, temperature, climate, normalized vegetation difference index and morphometric indices including topographic wetness index, mass balance index, geographical location index and wind shelter index were used to prepare a drought zoning map in Ardabil province using the random forest model. Variable importance analysis using the permutation index showed that precipitation, temperature, climate are the most important factors affecting drought in Ardabil province, respectively. The study of the drought sensitivity zoning map of this province using the above hybrid model showed that about 50 percent of the study area is in the category of areas with high and very high sensitivity to drought events. The results of the evaluation of the ROC curve with an area under the curve above 0.9 for this model indicate the high accuracy of this model in presenting results.Drought is a natural phenomenon that can occur in any climate and its harmful effects are much wider and deeper than other natural disasters. This natural phenomenon is considered one of the most harmful and economically, socially, physically and environmentally harmful natural disasters. This study was conducted with the aim of predicting and preparing a hazard map, identifying sensitive areas for sustainable development that reduces risks and enhances resilience. In this study, the layers of precipitation, temperature, climate, normalized vegetation difference index and morphometric indices including topographic wetness index, mass balance index, geographical location index and wind shelter index were used to prepare a drought zoning map in Ardabil province using the random forest model. Variable importance analysis using the permutation index showed that precipitation, temperature, climate are the most important factors affecting drought in Ardabil province, respectively. The study of the drought sensitivity zoning map of this province using the above hybrid model showed that about 50 percent of the study area is in the category of areas with high and very high sensitivity to drought events. The results of the evaluation of the ROC curve with an area under the curve above 0.9 for this model indicate the high accuracy of this model in presenting results.https://jdcr.birjand.ac.ir/article_3238_528aecdf9cf67e516dfd5eaa675ccfd9.pdfUniversity of Birjand-Research Group of Drought and Climate ChangeJournal of Drought and Climate change Research3092-60763120250522Feasibility Study for the Development of Greenhouse Complexes from a Climatic PerspectiveFeasibility Study for the Development of Greenhouse Complexes from a Climatic Perspective95114327010.22077/jdcr.2025.8737.1105FASamarBehrouziniaResearcher, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO),0000-0001-6883-1095SamiraVahediResearcher, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Zanjan, IranNaderAbbasiProfessor of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research,
Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.0000-0002-9483-0878FarshidTaranAssistant Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural
Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.0000-0001-6086-2970Journal Article20250112Greenhouse cultivation, with its potential to control environmental conditions and optimize the use of water and soil resources, represents a fundamental approach to agricultural production. However, the efficiency and effectiveness of greenhouses require compliance with various criteria, including hydrology, environmental factors, soil science, and particularly climate conditions. Therefore, conducting feasibility studies is essential before implementing greenhouse construction projects. This study evaluates the climatic conditions of the Nikpey region in Zanjan Province for establishing a 34-hectare greenhouse complex. To achieve this, the suitability of meteorological variables—such as precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, sunshine hours, and cloudiness—over a 21-year period (2002–2022) was assessed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The results indicate that the average annual temperature is 11.9°C, and the region falls within the normal drought class (SPEI) for approximately 40% of the studied period. The annual cooling and heating degree days were calculated as 245.1 and 2883.3 degree-days, respectively. On average, the region receives 2975 hours of sunshine annually, with approximately 34 fully cloudy days per year. Predominant annual wind speeds range between 3.5 and 5.8 m/s, with the highest wind speed (25 m/s) recorded from the south. Based on the climatic analysis, Nikpey requires heating for 6 months,, and only natural ventilation for 4 months. Overall, the cold-dry climate of the region is classified as moderately suitable for greenhouse establishment. However, the primary challenge in the target area is the high annual maximum wind speed, necessitating careful selection of greenhouse designs that align with climatic standards.Greenhouse cultivation, with its potential to control environmental conditions and optimize the use of water and soil resources, represents a fundamental approach to agricultural production. However, the efficiency and effectiveness of greenhouses require compliance with various criteria, including hydrology, environmental factors, soil science, and particularly climate conditions. Therefore, conducting feasibility studies is essential before implementing greenhouse construction projects. This study evaluates the climatic conditions of the Nikpey region in Zanjan Province for establishing a 34-hectare greenhouse complex. To achieve this, the suitability of meteorological variables—such as precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, sunshine hours, and cloudiness—over a 21-year period (2002–2022) was assessed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The results indicate that the average annual temperature is 11.9°C, and the region falls within the normal drought class (SPEI) for approximately 40% of the studied period. The annual cooling and heating degree days were calculated as 245.1 and 2883.3 degree-days, respectively. On average, the region receives 2975 hours of sunshine annually, with approximately 34 fully cloudy days per year. Predominant annual wind speeds range between 3.5 and 5.8 m/s, with the highest wind speed (25 m/s) recorded from the south. Based on the climatic analysis, Nikpey requires heating for 6 months,, and only natural ventilation for 4 months. Overall, the cold-dry climate of the region is classified as moderately suitable for greenhouse establishment. However, the primary challenge in the target area is the high annual maximum wind speed, necessitating careful selection of greenhouse designs that align with climatic standards.https://jdcr.birjand.ac.ir/article_3270_3f7bcd0b3ea822683bba8fc530f151bd.pdfUniversity of Birjand-Research Group of Drought and Climate ChangeJournal of Drought and Climate change Research3092-60763120250522Strategies to Reduce the Urban Heat Island: Solutions and Challenges in Improving the Urban EnvironmentStrategies to Reduce the Urban Heat Island: Solutions and Challenges in Improving the Urban Environment115134307410.22077/jdcr.2024.7450.1064FAHosseinMansourianDepartment of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranRaziyehAskarzadePhD Student in Land Use Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240323Cities consume more energy than rural areas due to activities such as heating and cooling of buildings, urban transportation, commercial and industrial activities, etc. This high level of consumption is influenced by the urban heat island effect. The main purpose of the introduction is to identify strategies to reduce urban heat island. A series of strategies can be applied to reduce heat island effects in the design stages of urban planning. Not paying enough attention to the use of effective heat reduction strategies in the current urban development in cities can greatly intensify the final effects of the urban heat island. Sustainable ways to reduce urban heat island effects are a fundamental principle for urban planners. In general, various solutions have been proposed to manage urban heat islands, including the use of vegetation, green roofs, and green spaces in cities; improving urban infrastructure such as cool pavements and stormwater management policies; developing policies and regulations related to the use of building materials with high reflectivity; and the use of technologies that reduce the effects of global warming. Finally, it is important that all these measures are covered by coordinated and interactive policies and implemented with the participation of individuals, organizations, and governments.Cities consume more energy than rural areas due to activities such as heating and cooling of buildings, urban transportation, commercial and industrial activities, etc. This high level of consumption is influenced by the urban heat island effect. The main purpose of the introduction is to identify strategies to reduce urban heat island. A series of strategies can be applied to reduce heat island effects in the design stages of urban planning. Not paying enough attention to the use of effective heat reduction strategies in the current urban development in cities can greatly intensify the final effects of the urban heat island. Sustainable ways to reduce urban heat island effects are a fundamental principle for urban planners. In general, various solutions have been proposed to manage urban heat islands, including the use of vegetation, green roofs, and green spaces in cities; improving urban infrastructure such as cool pavements and stormwater management policies; developing policies and regulations related to the use of building materials with high reflectivity; and the use of technologies that reduce the effects of global warming. Finally, it is important that all these measures are covered by coordinated and interactive policies and implemented with the participation of individuals, organizations, and governments.https://jdcr.birjand.ac.ir/article_3074_639d79cc857a6c76c2723b7e014fccb0.pdfUniversity of Birjand-Research Group of Drought and Climate ChangeJournal of Drought and Climate change Research3092-60763120250522Studying the Role of Environmental Crises and Climate Changes in the Immigration of Border Dwellers and National SecurityStudying the Role of Environmental Crises and Climate Changes in the Immigration of Border Dwellers and National Security135148308010.22077/jdcr.2024.7957.1073FAAhmadAnaraki MohammadiPhD student of the Faculty of Strategic Management, Supreme National Defense University, Tehran, Iran.0009-0002-5322-3649Journal Article20240723Environmental issues in the country are on the rise due to environmental, climate change, and human factors. Given that the livelihoods of border areas in the country are mostly dependent on agriculture and livestock farming, there is a greater reliance on the environment and natural resources. Therefore, the aim of this article is to examine the consequences of environmental problems (opportunities and challenges) on border dwellers' migration and national security. VOSviewer software was used to analyze data extracted from databases and citation indices such as Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, and the results were presented graphically and visually. For conducting this research, the data collection tool was a library method, gathering information through note-taking. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical method, this study attempts to examine the role of environmental issues in border dwellers' migration and national security. The results of this study showed that since most border dwellers' occupations are agriculture and livestock farming, the lack of suitable land for agriculture and water shortages have led to the collapse of these activities in these areas. The inability of border dwellers to access sufficient water and food has caused tension, jeopardizing national security and prompting migration to central regions of the country. At the same time, the migration of border dwellers can have various economic, social, and cultural consequences at both the origin and destination.Environmental issues in the country are on the rise due to environmental, climate change, and human factors. Given that the livelihoods of border areas in the country are mostly dependent on agriculture and livestock farming, there is a greater reliance on the environment and natural resources. Therefore, the aim of this article is to examine the consequences of environmental problems (opportunities and challenges) on border dwellers' migration and national security. VOSviewer software was used to analyze data extracted from databases and citation indices such as Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, and the results were presented graphically and visually. For conducting this research, the data collection tool was a library method, gathering information through note-taking. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical method, this study attempts to examine the role of environmental issues in border dwellers' migration and national security. The results of this study showed that since most border dwellers' occupations are agriculture and livestock farming, the lack of suitable land for agriculture and water shortages have led to the collapse of these activities in these areas. The inability of border dwellers to access sufficient water and food has caused tension, jeopardizing national security and prompting migration to central regions of the country. At the same time, the migration of border dwellers can have various economic, social, and cultural consequences at both the origin and destination.https://jdcr.birjand.ac.ir/article_3080_a9986cb066812f440bc2bb6e3c13696c.pdf