دانشگاه بیرجند-گروه پژوهشی خشکسالی وتغییراقلیم مجله پژوهش های خشکسالی و تغییراقلیم 3092-6076 3 4 2026 02 20 Climate change impacts on eco-geotourism in arid and mountainous regions: a numerical and empirical analysis of northern and central Iran Climate Change Impacts on Eco-Geotourism in Arid and Mountainous Regions: a Numerical and Empirical Analysis of Northern and Central Iran 103 124 3698 10.22077/jdcr.2025.9053.1125 FA Pouya Sadeghi-Farshbaf Department of Natural Heritage, Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism (RICHT), Tehran, Iran 0009-0006-0093-6476 Journal Article 2025 03 04 Climate change has become one of the most urgent global issues, profoundly influencing multiple sectors, particularly ecotourism and geotourism. This study employs both numerical and empirical analysis to investigate the effects of recent climate change on ecotourism and geotourism in northern and central Iran, with a specific emphasis on elements impacted by climate variations over the past decade. The numerical analysis includes a functional modeling approach based on multiplicative and additive scaling. In addition, through an extensive review of existing literature and data, the research assesses how climate change has transformed local environmental conditions. The findings indicated that in central Iran and Alborz, there was an upward trend in the p variable (denoting precipitation), which was paired with a downward trend in the t variable (denoting temperature) over the last ten years. In contrast, data from the Caspian coast revealed a decrease in the p variable while the t variable exhibited an increase during the same timeframe. Consequently, this article highlights the challenges presented by increasing temperatures and diminishing precipitation, which jeopardize natural resources and biodiversity. It underscores the necessity for integrated ecotourism and geotourism strategies. Climate change has become one of the most urgent global issues, profoundly influencing multiple sectors, particularly ecotourism and geotourism. This study employs both numerical and empirical analysis to investigate the effects of recent climate change on ecotourism and geotourism in northern and central Iran, with a specific emphasis on elements impacted by climate variations over the past decade. The numerical analysis includes a functional modeling approach based on multiplicative and additive scaling. In addition, through an extensive review of existing literature and data, the research assesses how climate change has transformed local environmental conditions. The findings indicated that in central Iran and Alborz, there was an upward trend in the p variable (denoting precipitation), which was paired with a downward trend in the t variable (denoting temperature) over the last ten years. In contrast, data from the Caspian coast revealed a decrease in the p variable while the t variable exhibited an increase during the same timeframe. Consequently, this article highlights the challenges presented by increasing temperatures and diminishing precipitation, which jeopardize natural resources and biodiversity. It underscores the necessity for integrated ecotourism and geotourism strategies. https://jdcr.birjand.ac.ir/article_3698_943aa0fcda4ee2901a7de9321663b114.pdf